How to Get Rid of Swollen Gums
The pink tissue covering the jawbone, the gums are firm, thick, packed with blood vessels, and play an important role in oral health. When swollen, the gums can bulge or protrude out and often occurs where the tissue meets the tooth. Rather than the normal pink hue, swollen gums appear red and can hide parts of the teeth. Read on to learn more about the causes of gum swelling and how to treat the condition.
Causes of Swollen Gums
- Gingivitis: Swollen gums are most often caused by the gum disease gingivitis. This disease causes gum irritation and swelling. Often, people do not realize they have gingivitis as the initial symptoms are mild or unnoticeable. But if left untreated, gingivitis can progress and eventually develop into a more serious condition called periodontitis.
- Pregnancy: During pregnancy, women produce a rush of hormones that can increase blood flow in their gums. The increased blood flow can cause the gums to become irritated more easily and lead to swelling. Additionally, the hormonal changes can inhibit the body’s immune response to bacteria that cause gum infections, increasing the risk of developing gingivitis.
- Infection: Certain viruses and fungi can cause infections that lead to gum swelling. Dental abscesses, resulting from untreated dental decay, are another type of infection that can produce swelling.
- Malnutrition: Vitamin deficiencies, especially Vitamin B & C, can cause swollen gums. For example, Vitamin C plays a crucial role in the repair and maintenance of the gums and teeth.
How to Treat Swollen Gums?
Medical Treatment
Should gum swelling persist for more than two weeks, patients are encouraged to visit their dentist. The dentist will ask questions regarding the onset and frequency of symptoms, may order X-rays, inquire about any dietary changes or pregnancies, and may order blood tests to rule out possible infection.
Based on the underlying cause of the gum swelling, the dentist may prescribe oral rinses to reduce plaque and prevent gum disease. In some instances, antibiotics may be prescribed. Should a severe case of gingivitis be to blame, deep cleanings (called scaling and root planing) and/or surgery could be needed.
At-Home Treatment
Some at-home steps that can be taken to help ease gum swelling include:
- Avoid irritation by flossing and brushing less-vigorously.
- Rinse the mouth with saltwater to remove bacteria.
- Stay adequately hydrated - water helps stimulate the production of saliva which combats bacteria.
- Avoid irritants such as tobacco, alcohol, and strong mouthwashes.
- Apply a warm compress over the face to sooth gum pain or a cold compress to reduce swelling.
Prevention
There are preventative steps that can be taken to avoid swollen gums:
- Oral Care – floss and brush daily or after meals. Maintain semi-annual visits to the dentist for exams and cleanings.
- Maintain Healthy Diet – ensure a healthy, nutrient rich diet is maintained while avoiding overly sugary foods and beverages that can cause disease-causing bacteria to thrive.
- Avoid Irritants – abstain from or minimize the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, or highly-acidic foods and drinks that could irritate the gums and cause swelling.