What Does it Mean When Gums Are Puffy
Typically, when people think about their dental health, the primary focus is on taking care of their teeth and preventing cavities. However, the gums plan an important role as well and are vital to sound dental health.
When the gums bleed or become swollen, it is often a sign of gum disease. But there are several other things that could contribute to gum problems. This article will examine some of the more common causes of swollen or puffy gums.
Periodontal (Gum) Disease
More than 75% of Americans over the age of 35 develop periodontal disease. For most people, they will have the less severe form of gum disease, called gingivitis. However, 5% to 15% will develop a more serious form of periodontal disease called periodontitis.
If proper dental hygiene is not practiced, bacteria in the mouth thrive and plaque forms on the teeth. These bacteria can lead to gum inflammation which cause swelling, redness, or bleeding gums. Often, the inflammation from gingivitis is not painful and if addressed early, gingivitis can be reversed with sound oral hygiene. If left untreated, the condition progresses and can cause tooth loss.
Regardless of any discomfort, medical attention should be sought if any of the following symptoms are noticed:
- Changes in how the teeth close together when biting
- Deep pockets form between the gums and teeth
- The gums bleed during and after brushing the teeth
- Shifting or loosening teeth
- Constant bad breath or foul taste in the mouth
- Gum recession
- Tender, swollen, or red gums
Improper Flossing and Brushing Technique
Flossing should be done daily and helps remove plaque from areas that a toothbrush cannot reach. To ensure the practice does not cause bleeding or swollen gums, patients should be gentle when flossing. Instead of forcing the floss between the teeth, slide it carefully up and down around the teeth.
In an effort to achieve bright, white teeth, it can be tempting to brush them as vigorously as possible. While tooth enamel is extremely durable, gum tissue is delicate and can be damaged if brushed too aggressively.
Whether using a manual or electric toothbrush, it is also important to select one with soft bristles. Despite medium and hard bristled toothbrushes being available, because they can damage the tooth enamel and lead to swollen and red gums, they should be avoided.
Canker Sores
Canker sores, are another common cause of gum pain. These ulcers can form anywhere in the mouth, including the gums. The sores are painful and typically have a white center with red borders. They may form on a single location of the gums or multiple areas simultaneously throughout the mouth.
Chemotherapy
Included amongst the unpleasant side effects of chemotherapy, gum pain, swelling, and bleeding are possible. People undergoing cancer treatment often have to deal with stomatitis, which leads to painful ulcers and sores developing throughout the mouth and on the gums.
Tobacco Products
Cigarettes and tobacco products can cause a great deal of damage to the gums. Smokers are at a significantly higher risk of developing periodontal disease and may find the habit leads to gum problems, including sensitivity and painful sores.